Bt Investments Blog

The Gotham Gal and I make a fair number of non-tech angel investments. Things like media, food products, restaurants, music, local businesses. In these investments we are usually backing an entrepreneur we've gotten to know who delivers products to the market that we use and love. The Gotham Gal runs this part of our investment portfolio with some involvement by me.

As I look over the business plans and projections that these entrepreneurs share with us, one thing I constantly see is a lack of sophistication in calculating the investor's return.

Here's the typical presentation I see:

The entrepreneur needs $400k to start the business, believes he/she can return to the investors $100k per year, and therefore will generate a 25% return on investment. That is correct if the business lasts forever and produces $100k for the investors year after year after year.

But many businesses, probably most businesses have a finite life. A restaurant may have a few good years but then lose its clientele and go out of business. A media product might do well for a decade but then lose its way and fold.

And most businesses are unlikely to produce exactly $100k every year to the investors. Some businesses will grow the profits year after year. Others might see the profits decline as the business matures and heads out of business.

So the proper way to calculate a return is using the "cash flow method". Here's how you do it. 

1) Get a spreadsheet, excel will do, although increasingly I recommend google docs spreadsheet because it's simpler to share with others. 

2) Lay out along a single row a number of years. I would suggest ten years to start.

3) In the first year show the total investment required as a negative number (because the investors are sending their money to you).

4) In the first through tenth years, show the returns to the investors (after your share). This should be a positive number.

5) Then add those two rows together to get a "net cash flow" number.

6) Sum up the totals of all ten years to get total money in, total money back, and net profit.

7) Then calculate two numbers. The "multiple" is the total money back divided by the total money in. And then using the "IRR" function, calculate an annual return number.

Here's what it should look like:

Here's a link to google docs where  I've posted this example. It is public so everyone can play around with it and see how the formulas work.

It's worth looking for a minute at the theoretical example. The investors put in $400k, get $100k back for four years in a row (which gets them their money back), but then the business declines and eventually goes out of business in its seventh year. The annual rate of return on the $400k turns out to be 14% and the total multiple is 1.3x.

That's not a bad outcome for a personal investment in a local business you want to support. It sure beats the returns you'll get on a money market fund. But it is not a 25% return and should not be marketed as such.

I hope this helps. You don't need to get a finance MBA to be able to do this kind of thing. It's actually not that hard once you do it a few times.

Fred Wilson is a partner at Union Square Ventures. He writes the influential A VC, where this post was originally published.

We asked this question at our Flintshire Means Business event in February, but finally, the rest of the world is also asking the question! What is the total cost of implementing a social media marketing plan on your business? What is it actually costing you to ‘play’ with Twitter, Facebook etc everyday?

The average businessperson wouldn’t even imagine buying and selling stock without first checking shares’ prices and historical performance. It turns out that all sorts of folks fail to measure the profitability of their social media programs, however, and that’s a pattern of which you shouldn’t be a part.

Granted, the beauty of a lot of social media stuff is that it’s free; you only have to worry about how much time you’re wasting if you’re posting on Facebook or Twitter. And many businesses have a social media presence less for the sake of generating direct sales than to improve their image and engage potential customers.

Still, if you’re spending some money producing YouTube videos or paying someone to create Facebook apps, it’d be a good idea to know how that’s working out, and according to an eMarketer article, only 16 percent of a poll’s participants said that they measured their social media programs’ ROI.

The article then continued, “Measuring the success of social media marketing can be difficult, but using a variety of hard and soft ROI metrics is one solution. For example, distributing a coupon via a social network and monitoring its redemption can put a concrete number on social success. And marketers can also assign a dollar value to soft metrics, such as number of fans or followers, to measure ROI.”

Other options include tracking people’s movements using Google Analytics or asking customers to take part in a quick poll (”How did you hear about us?”).

Hat tip goes to Christina Warren.

Originally posted 2009-09-24 12:45:50.